Infertility kya hai aur iske main causes (karan) kya hote hain?

Post Summary (Quick Read)

Is article mein hum infertility (baanjhpan) ke baare mein vistar se samjhenge. Infertility kya hai, yeh kitne prakar ki hoti hai, aur mahilaon (women) tatha purushon (men) mein iske mukhya karan (causes) kya hote hain, in sabhi pahluon par asaan bhasha mein charcha ki gayi hai. Bharat mein aajkal badhti hui lifestyle samasyaon jaise stress, PCOS, aur galat khaan-paan ne infertility ke cases ko kafi badha diya hai. Is post ko padhne ke baad aapko infertility ke karan, iske basic testing, aur isse bachav ke tariko ki puri jankari mil jayegi, jisse aap samajh payenge ki kab aur kyu ek specialist (doctor) se milna zaroori hai.

Infertility Kya Hai? (What is Infertility?)

Aam bhasha mein infertility ko ‘baanjhpan’ kaha jata hai. Medical terms mein, agar koi couple bina kisi birth control (nirodhak) ke lagatar 1 saal tak natural tarike se pregnancy plan kar raha hai, aur fir bhi pregnancy nahi thehar rahi hai, toh is condition ko infertility kaha jata hai.

Agar mahila ki umar (age) 35 saal se zyada hai, toh doctors 1 saal ka wait karne ke bajaye 6 mahine mein hi checkup shuru karne ki salaah dete hain, kyunki umar badhne ke sath mahilaon mein ando (eggs) ki quality aur quantity tezi se kam hone lagti hai.

Bharatiya samaj mein aksar bacha na hone par poora dosh mahila par daal diya jata hai. Lekin medical science yah sabit kar chuka hai ki infertility ke cases mein lagbhag 33% karan mahilaon mein, 33% karan purushon mein, aur bache hue cases mein dono mein koi na koi samasya hoti hai, ya fir karan ka pata hi nahi chal pata (unexplained infertility).

Infertility Ke Prakar (Types of Infertility)

Infertility mukhya roop se do tarah ki hoti hai:

1. Primary Infertility: Jab koi mahila apni life mein pehle kabhi bhi pregnant nahi hui ho.
2. Secondary Infertility: Jab koi mahila pehle pregnant ho chuki ho (chahe bacha hua ho ya miscarriage hua ho), lekin dubara conceive karne mein pareshani aa rahi ho.

Mahilaon Mein Infertility Ke Main Causes (Female Infertility)

Mahilaon ke sharir mein pregnancy ek complex process hai jisme hormones, ovaries (andashay), fallopian tubes, aur uterus (bachedani) sabhi ka sahi se kaam karna zaroori hai. Inme se kisi mein bhi dikkat aane par infertility ho sakti hai.

1. PCOS ya PCOD (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome)
Yeh aajkal Bharat mein mahilaon mein infertility ka sabse bada karan ban chuka hai. PCOS mein mahila ke sharir mein hormones ka balance bigad jata hai. Is wajah se ovaries mein chhote-chhote cysts (pani ki ganth) ban jate hain aur samay par ande (eggs) release nahi hote. Jab egg release hi nahi hoga (jise ovulation kehte hain), toh sperm ke sath milkar bhrun (embryo) nahi ban payega. Irregular periods iska sabse bada lakshan hai.

2. Fallopian Tube Blockage (Nason ka band hona)
Fallopian tubes wo naliyaan hoti hain jo ovary se egg ko uterus tak laati hain. Sperm aur egg ka milan (fertilization) bhi isi tube mein hota hai. Agar kisi infection, Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID), ya Tuberculosis (TB – jo India mein bahut common hai) ki wajah se yeh tubes band (block) ho jayein, toh egg aur sperm aapas mein mil nahi paate.

3. Endometriosis
Uterine lining (endometrium) normal condition mein uterus ke andar banti hai. Lekin Endometriosis mein yeh lining uterus ke bahar—jaise ovaries, fallopian tubes, ya peth ke hisson mein—banne lagti hai. Iski wajah se periods ke dauran bahut zyada dard hota hai aur yeh organs ko aapas mein chipka deti hai, jisse pregnancy mein rukawat aati hai.

4. Ovulation Disorders
Kuch mahilaon mein ande banne ki prakriya (ovulation) theek se nahi hoti. Iska karan Thyroid disorders (Hypothyroidism ya Hyperthyroidism) ya Prolactin hormone ka badhna ho sakta hai. Agar periods regular nahi hain, toh iska matlab hai ki ovulation mein dikkat ho sakti hai.

5. Umar Ka Badhna (Advancing Age)
Mahilaon ke paas janam ke samay se hi eggs ka ek fixed stock hota hai. 30 ki umar ke baad eggs ki quality aur quantity kam hone lagti hai. 35 ke baad yeh girawat bahut tezi se aati hai, jiski wajah se age-related infertility hoti hai aur miscarriage ka risk bhi badh jata hai.

6. Uterus Mein Samasya (Uterine Fibroids ya Polyps)
Uterus (bachedani) ke andar non-cancerous ganth (fibroids) ya polyps ban jane se bhrun (embryo) ko wahan chipakne (implantation) ke liye sahi jagah nahi mil paati.

Purushon Mein Infertility Ke Main Causes (Male Infertility)

Purushon mein infertility ke karan mukhya roop se shukranu (sperms) ki sankhya, unki quality, aur unke raste mein aane wali rukaawat se jude hote hain.

1. Low Sperm Count (Oligozoospermia)
Ek healthy pregnancy ke liye purush ke semen (virya) mein sperms ki sankhya kaafi honi chahiye (kam se kam 15 million per milliliter). Agar sperms ka count isse kam hai, toh pregnancy hone ke chances kafi ghat jate hain. Agar semen mein ek bhi sperm na ho, toh use ‘Azoospermia’ kehte hain.

2. Poor Sperm Motility (Shukranu ki gati)
Sirf sperms ka hona kafi nahi hai, unhe tezi se tair kar (swim) mahila ke egg tak pahunchana hota hai. Agar sperms ki speed ya movement dheemi hai, toh is condition ko poor motility (Asthenozoospermia) kehte hain, jisse wo egg tak nahi pahunch paate.

3. Abnormal Sperm Morphology (Shukranu ka aakar)
Normal sperm ka ek gol sir (head) aur ek lambi poonch (tail) hoti hai. Agar sperms ka aakar aada-teda ya kharab hai, toh wo egg ko bhed (penetrate) nahi kar paate.

4. Varicocele
Yeh purushon mein infertility ka ek bahut aam karan hai. Isme testicles (andkosh) ki nason mein sujan (swelling) aa jati hai, theek waise hi jaise pairo mein varicose veins hoti hain. Iski wajah se testicles ka temperature badh jata hai, jo sperms ko damage karta hai aur unka production kam kar deta hai.

5. Lifestyle aur Addictions

• Smoking aur Alcohol: Sigret peena, gutkha khana, ya zyada sharab peene se sperms ki quality puri tarah barbad ho sakti hai.
• Heat (Garmi): Laptops ko direct pairo (lap) par rakh kar kaam karna, ya bhatti/factories mein kaam karne se testicles garam hote hain jo sperm production rokta hai.
• Stress: Mansik tanav sidhe taur par Testosterone (male hormone) ke level ko gira deta hai.

6. Erectile Dysfunction ya Ejaculation Issues
Physical relation banane mein samasya aana, ya Retrograde Ejaculation (jisme semen bahar aane ke bajaye bladder mein chala jata hai) bhi main causes mein shamil hain.

Unexplained Infertility (Jab Karan Samajh Na Aaye)

Lagbhag 15% se 20% couples aise hote hain jinke saare tests normal aate hain. Mahila ki tubes khuli hoti hain, ande theek ban rahe hote hain, aur purush ka sperm count bhi normal hota hai. Lekin fir bhi pregnancy nahi theharti. Is condition ko ‘Unexplained Infertility’ kehte hain. Aise cases mein modern treatments (jaise IUI ya IVF) kafi madadgar sabit hote hain.

Aaj Ki Indian Lifestyle Aur Infertility

Bharat mein pichle 10-15 saalon mein infertility rate tezi se badha hai. Iske kuch practical karan jo humari rozmarra ki zindagi se jude hain:

• Der se Shaadi (Late Marriages): Career banane ke chakkar mein shaadi aur bacha plan karne ki umar 30 ke paar chali gayi hai, jo biologically fertility ko kam karti hai.
• Junk Food aur Motapa: Bahar ka khana, exercise na karna, aur obesity (motapa) sidhe taur par PCOS aur hormonal imbalance ka karan ban rahe hain.
• Bhari Stress (Mansik Tanav): Corporate jobs aur shehri bhag-daud ki wajah se couples stress mein rehte hain, jisse Cortisol hormone badhta hai aur reproductive hormones down ho jate hain.
• Neend ki Kami (Sleep Deprivation): Mobile screens aur late night shifts ki wajah se body ka biological clock kharab ho gaya hai, jo fertility ko negative tarike se affect karta hai.

Shuruaati Kadam: Diagnosis Kaise Hota Hai?

Agar kisi couple ko 1 saal se success nahi mil rahi, toh unhe apna basic checkup zarur karwana chahiye:

• Purushon ke liye: Semen Analysis Test (iss ek simple test se sperm count, motility aur aakar ka pata chal jata hai).
• Mahilaon ke liye: TVS Ultrasound (ovaries aur uterus dekhne ke liye), Blood Tests (AMH test – eggs ka reserve janne ke liye, Thyroid, Prolactin), aur HSG Test (fallopian tubes ki blockage check karne ke liye x-ray).